Currently, the importance of sustainability has been emphasized internationally [1]. Furthermore, aging societies have been observed worldwide [2,3]. In September 2021, the number of elderly people aged 65 and over in Japan was revealed to be 36.4 million, which is 29.1% of the total population (Table 1) [4]. According to estimates by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, it seems to be 35.3% by 2040. It is quite important to discuss daily health issues for so many older people and everyone else. Some perspectives for elderly problems and anti-aging medicine would be described in this article [5]. Our research group has traditionally taken various approaches to the elderly for several fields [6].

Table 1: Percentage of the elderly population in major countries (2021).
Data of Japan is from Sept 2021. Concerning other countries, data were from World Population Porspects. The 2019 revision (United Nations) including 201 countries and districts.

They include Integrative Medicine (IM), art therapy, frailty, locomotive syndrome, rehabilitation, sports medicine and so on. For arts and culture area, some activities have continued for music therapy and art therapy [7]. For physical therapy, various treatments and exercise have been continued. The author Konoike has been engaged in Masters athletics and has been involved in various projects as a representative of Japan Masters Athletics (JMA) [8]. In fact, he has continued to participate in competitions of the World Masters Athletics (WMA) Championships for 40 consecutive years, which becomes the longest record in the world. Through these backgrounds and research, the authors have set major goals for the elderly. It is "to have a better and significant older age. In other words, it has been known as successful aging [9]. Some perspectives for realization of successful aging using music and exercise would be described in this article. There are three important factors for successful aging. The first is "no illness or disability" [10]. The second is "to maintain as high physical ability and cognitive function as possible" [11].

The third is "to continue daily active involvement such as voluntary social participation and contribution” [12]. A way of life that fulfills these three conditions is considered to be successful aging. It would be a crucial point that successful aging is feasible by lifestyle rather than heredity predisposition. In other words, daily lifestyle such as paying attention to food, exercising, and receiving intellectual stimulation would be basically important. The way of intellectual stimulation may include reading books, attending lectures and participating in social activities. Furthermore, it is recommended to keep healthy lifestyle, such as not staying home, going out into the society and keeping some relationship in the society [13].

These three conditions can be rephrased as anti-aging conditions. For promotion of anti-aging, both of sports activity and music activity can contribute to anti-aging. Regarding the former, the author Bando has continued on Masters athletics, and maintained same speed of 13 seconds for 100m sprint for half century [14]. Our Masters colleagues have continued seminars of athletics and sports for long [15]. The author Konoike held international game and will plan Masters Olympics. Participation in these competitions will give athletes to keep daily goals and feel meaningful life [16,17]. Thus, participation in sports for the elderly leads to people's well-being [18]. Regarding the latter, music has positive effects on human health. Its effects are widespread physically, psychologically and socially [19]. Music is also useful as a means of communication, and it is possible to communicate naturally with foreigners who do not understand the language for the first time. These interests have been focused recently. Various public music programs for the elderly are planned, and lots of older are enjoying them all over the world. Such experiences can bring elderly successful aging. There are four important elements in a person's life domains, which are physical security, positive mental state, participating activity and interpersonal relationship. Among them, interpersonal relationships are paramount, and can compensate several major negative impacts of old age [20].

 The more active the interpersonal relationship, the less the impact of physical loss, the easier to thinking positively and participate in various activities. This situation also applies to music activities. With more participation in music activities, people will have more health and vitality. Music activities are roughly divided. There are two domains that where you enjoy yourself and where you entertain other people. The former means listening and singing aimed to enjoy life, and it brings a happy time. The latter means performing desirable session for other patients or clients [21]. Such sustainable trials greatly contribute to the vitalization of the mind and body. People's activities are divided into three types, which are i) productive activities at work, ii) compulsory social activities, and iii) activities that they like [6]. Music activity and sports belong the third. The third can be interpreted as play, where both children and the elderly can enjoy. Now most people in developed countries have a longer life and can spend a long time after retiring [22].

 In long old age, play brings elderly chance to realization of long-standing dreams. By leaving your obligations and relaxing yourself and trying what you love, you will be creatively and feel happy in old age. It is the key of keeping young and aging successfully. In the case of children, they learn the rules of society, and build relationships to others by playing various games [23]. Sometimes they play pranks with scolded, injured, fail, and fight with friends. Such experiences provide the necessary foundation for living smoothly in society. On the other hand, what about the elderly? Through the third activity of play, elderly will accumulate the basis for new life. During several activities, they face the declining body and make new social relationships [24]. In summary, the play of the elderly includes various activities such as touching art such as music and participating in sports [25]. Consequently, elderly will learn and practice how to live a second life. All of these processes are the first step towards achieving successful aging.

References

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2.      Statistics Bureau, Japan. Chapter 2. Population. Statistical Handbook of Japan 2021.

3.     Béjot Y and Yaffe K. Ageing Population: A Neurological Challenge Neuroepidemiology (2019) Gale OneFile: Health and Medicine 52: 76.     https://doi.org/10.1159/000495813

4.     National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Japan. The population of the elderly.

5.     Leridon H. World population outlook: Explosion or implosion? Population and Societies 2020 57: 1-4.

6.     Bando H, Takenaka Y, Nakamura T, Konoike K and Yonei Y. Investigation for Quality of Life (QOL) and self-esteem for health in masters’ athletes (2015) Glycative Stress Research 22: 174-181.   https://doi.org/10.24659/gsr.2.4_174  

7.     Hirai Y, Bando H, Yoshioka A and Nishikiori Y. Music and Man in Art: The Future of Media and Technology (2020) Global J Arts Social Sci 2: 116.    https://doi.org/10.36266/GJASS/116

8.     Bando H, Kan M, Takenaka Y, Yokoyama H, Nakamura T, et al. Effective training of squat exercise-HiSquat trial for patients with diabetes (2016) Glycative Stress Research 3: 65-73.    https://doi.org/10.24659/gsr.3.2_065  

9.     Rowe JW and Kahn RL. Human aging: usual and successful. Science (1987) 237: 143-149.   https://doi:10.1126/science.3299702    

10.  Teater B and Chonody JM. How Do Older Adults Define Successful Aging? A Scoping Review (2020) Int J Aging Hum Dev 91: 599-625.     https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415019871207.

11.  Lee EJ and Park SJ. Immersive Experience Model of the Elderly Welfare Centers Supporting Successful Aging (2020) Front Psychol 11:8.     https://doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00008       

12.  Özsungur F. Gerontechnological factors affecting successful aging of elderly (2020) The Aging Male 23: 520-532.    https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2018.1539963

13.  Bernhold QS, Gasiorek J and Giles H. Communicative Predictors of Older Adults' Successful Aging, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use (2020) Int J Aging Hum Dev 90: 107-134.   https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415018784715

14.  Bando H. Weight unchanged, 100m ujchanged with 13 seconds for half century -Living up to 100 years by adjusting sugar restriction and exercise (2019) Medical Information Service, Inc. Tokyo, Japan, 2019.

15.  Murakami M, Bando H and Moriyasu H. Getting an Efficient Running Form Accompanied with Reggae Rhythm (2021) Examines Phy Med Rehab. 3.

16.  Geard D, Rebar AL, Dionigi RA and Reaburn PRJ. Testing a Model of Successful Aging on Masters Athletes and Non-Sporting Adults (2021) Res Quart Exerc Sport 92: 11-20.    https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1702146

17.  Bando H, Nakamura T, Yonei Y, Takenaka Y and Seki K. Lipid profile of masters athletes in ice-skating, a model of anti-aging research (2015) Glycat stress res 2: 52-57.      https://doi.org/10.24659/gsr.2.2_052  

18.  Kim ACH, Ryu J, Lee C, Kim KM and Heo J. Sport Participation and Happiness Among Older Adults: A Mediating Role of Social Capital (2021) J Happiness Stud 22: 1623-1641.    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00288-8

19.  Yoshioka A, Nishikiori Y and Bando H. Music Therapy Session with Various Elements for Clinical Effects and Comfortable Mood (2020) Biomed Sci J 2: 11.     https://doi.org/10.52588/biomedscij.1.10

20.  Lee MR. The Relationship between Interpersonal Relationships and Subjective Experience of Happiness among Active Elderly in Korea (2020) Asia-pacif J Converg Res Interch 6: 131-147.   https://doi.org/10.47116/apjcri.2020.11.12

21.  Bando H. Perspectives of the Relationship among the Presence of Music, Well-Being and Happiness (2021) Global J Arts Social Sci 3: 153.    https://doi.org/10.36266/GJAS

22. Newman DB, Schwarz N and Stone AA. Global reports of well-being overestimate aggregated daily states of well-being (2021) J Positiv Psych 16: 407-416.      https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1725608

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24.  Li C, Jiang S, Li N and Zhang Q. Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator (2018) J Commun Psychol 46: 345-355.       https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21944

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Keywords

Anti-Aging medicine, Integrative medicine, Music therapy, Masters’athletics, Successful aging.