Nanofabrication
Nanofabrication is also known as micro fabrication, which is useful to design and manufacture the devices with dimensions measured in nanometers. One nanometer is 10 -9 meter, or a millionth of a millimeter. Micro and nanofabrication techniques are described, including photolithography, soft lithography, film deposition, etching, bonding, molecular self-assembly, electrically induced Nano patterning, rapid prototyping, and electron, X-ray, colloidal monolayer, and focused ion beam lithography. Application of these techniques for the fabrication of drug delivery and bio sensing systems including injectable, implantable, transdermal, and mucoadhesive devices is described. Methods of nanofabrication used to generate Nano scale structures and nanostructured materials are commonly summarized as top-down and bottom-up approach. In the top-down approach, the nanoscale features are written directly or transferred onto a substrate by various methods of lithography. The bottom-up approach uses interactions between molecules or colloidal particles to assemble discrete nanoscale structures in two and three dimensions.
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