Quantum Number
Quantum numbers explain the values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of a quantum system. On account of electrons, the quantum numbers can be characterized as "the sets of numerical values which give acceptable solutions to the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom". An important aspect of quantum mechanics is the quantization of the observable quantities, since quantum numbers are discrete sets of integers or half-integers, although they could approach infinity in some cases. This differentiates quantum mechanics from classical mechanics where the values that characterize the system such as mass, charge, or momentum, range continuously. Quantum numbers frequently explains particularly the energy levels of electrons in atoms, but other possibilities include angular momentum, spin, etc. An important family is flavor quantum numbers – internal quantum numbers which define the type of a particle and its interactions with other particles through the forces. It is difficult to list all possible quantum numbers since quantum system can have one or more quantum numbers.
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