Research Article :
Nureen Zahra, Momna Nadir,
Arif Malik, Ayesha Shaukat, Asia Parveen and Muhammad Tariq Our research work based
on the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies including the
antioxidant activity of extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) obtained from leaf,
stem and seed of Eugenia jambolana
plant. Qualitatively phytochemical analysis was done by biochemical testing,
quantitative estimation was taken spectrophotometrically and antioxidant
activity of extracts was tested by DPPH radical scavenging. Qualitative and
quantitative outcomes of our study explain that ethanol is applicable solvent system
that comprises high quantity of bioactive compounds than water solvent system.
Antioxidant activity revealed that ethanolic leaf, seed and stem extracts removed
free radicals 68%, 98% and 33% respectively in contrast with water extracts of leaf,
seed and stem 5.09%, 1.25% and 7.26% respectively. Ascorbic acid was taken as
standard that kills 97% free radical species. Extracts in ethanol solvent system
displayed protruding antioxidant activity and also contains high amount of
phtyo-chemicals. Eugenia
jambolana (family Myrtaceae) has venerable
curative properties for treatment of various disease. It is one of the broadly
utilized therapeutic plants all through the world for the treatment of the
numerous infections mainly diabetes mellitus. The characteristic parts of E. jambolana plant included leaves, seed,
stem and fruit have excessive remedial worth [1]. E.
jambolana habitually grows in the rain forest
[2]. It is most frequently cultivated in Indian subcontinent, and also in many others
adjoins regions of South Asia such as India, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines and Africa [1]. In 1911 it was
introduce in Florida, United State. And also found in, Australia, and New Caledonia,
Malagasy and southwestern region of the Pacific Islands, Hawaii and New Zealand
[3]. It grips countless beneficial
compounds that divulge numerous health benefits. A number of primary and secondary
phytochemical bioactive compounds like phenol, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins,
tannins, terpenoids and steroids, which are valuable for spawning drugs for
action numeral of illness covering with
diabetes [1]. They give away various pharma-logical
actions such as diabetes mellitus, stomach disorders, antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-HIV, antifungal, antidiarrheal
and antifertility [4]. Eugenia jambolana
is highly rich in compounds covering alkaloid and glycoside is an effective for
diabetes controlling and healing stomach disorders or inflammation bronchitis
dysentery and controlling blood pressure. The biochemical formation and
antioxidant action of E. jambolana
fruits have intended that tannins take out from E. jambolana fruit appear as better DPPH radical scavenging
activity [5,6]. E. jambolana comprehends
substances that have capability to keeps against oxidation damage and lessen
swelling. E. jambolana plays vital
role in liver protection, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory,
cardioprotective, and antioxidant [7]. The aim of this research was to
carry out detailed qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies and
antioxidant activities of the leaf, stem and seed of E. jambolana using ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The natural and aseptic plant parts Leaf, Stems and Seeds of Eugenia jambolana were collected carefully in November 18, 2016 from Lahore, Pakistan. The plant materials leaf, stems and
seeds were properly cleaned and kept in room temperature. Preparation of Extracts Table 1: Six
collected crude extracts. Table 2:
Ethanolic Fractions extracts. Qualitative
phytochemical analysis Qualitative
phytochemical analysis was investigated by biochemical testing with the
extracts of leaf, stem and seeds of Eugenia
jambolana to detect the presence or absence of numerous primary and secondary metabolites with the help of
standard protocols [8-11]. Quantitative
Phytochemical Analysis Quantitative
phytochemical screening done by spectrophotometer method of ethanolic and
aqueous extracts of E. jambolana to measure the total flavonoids, total alkaloids, total carbohydrate, total steroid, total
phenol, total tannins and total carotenoids with the help of standard protocols
[9]. 1ml
of ethanolic and water extract of each sample was taken and 1ml of DPPH was
pipetted in all the samples very carefully. The reaction mixture was kept in dark
for 24h. After incubation period, absorbance was measured at 517nm. Standard
curve was drawn by taking ascorbic acid as standard. To
check the qualitative phytochemical analysis of E. jambolana leaves, stem and seeds having the solvent water and
ethanol. Current study showed the presence of primary and secondary
phytoconstituents in ethanol and water extracts of E. jambolana. Some of the active ingredients present in each plant
part under different extraction method were carbohydrate, saponins (Table 3). Current
study exposed that ethanolic leave and seed extracts contain highest quantity
of bioactive compounds as compared to water solvent system as shown in Table 4. These bioactive compounds have
great medicinal importance as it attributed high anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant,
anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-HIV, and anti-fungal (Table 4) (Figures 1-6). Figure 1:
Quantification of Phenol. Figure 2:
Quantification of Tannins. Figure 3:
Quantification of Alkaloids. Figure 4:
Quantification of Flavonoids. Figure 5:
Quantification of Steroids. Figure 6:
Quantification of Carotenoids. Table 4:
Phytochemical characterization of Eugenia jambolana. Result
of Antioxidant activity DPPH radical scavenging activity
assay make known the significant antioxidant activity of Eugenia jambolana ethanolic seed and leaves extract than other
extracts as shown in Table 5 and Figure 7. Table 5: DPPH
free radical scavenging activity of Eugenia jambolana (%). Figure 7: DPPH
scavenging activity of Eugenia jambolana in ethanol and water solvent. Discussion Qualitative analysis of phytochemical
compounds of Eugenia jambolana in methanolic
extract and reveals the presence of amino acid, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides,
saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. Recent results indicates that
some phytochemicals components are present in both solvents, some presents only
in ethanolic solvent and others are present in water solvent system [11]. A
higher content of both total phenolics and flavonoids were found in the methanolic
extract compared with other extracts [9].
Our current study of spectrophotometric analysis to quantified
phytochemicals revealed that phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids,
carotenoids and steroids present in high amount in ethanol extracts as
comparison with water extracts. Antioxidant activity of all
extracts of Eugenia jambolana were
examined by using two methods, namely DPPH and FRAP. In both methods, the methanol
extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than methylene chloride and essential
oil extracts [9]. Our present results demonstrate that ethanolic extracts contained
maximum antioxidant activity than water extracts. The series of distribution of
antioxidant activity was ethanolic seed extract>ethanolic leave extract>ethanolic stem extract>water stem extract>water leave extract>water
seed extract. The purpose of present research
work was to determine the phyto-constituents present in different parts of Eugenia jambolana qualitatively and quantitatively phytochemical
screening, and to investigate the antioxidant activity E. jambolana leaves, seeds and stem in ethanolic extracts exhibits
great amount of primary and secondary metabolites than the extracts of water solvent
system. Quantification results of
ethanolic and water extracts presented that it contains secondary metabolites while
ethanolic leaves and seed contains maximum secondary phyto-constituents.
Quantified result moreover demonstrated that some bioactive components are also
extant in extracts of Eugenia jambolana
in average amount but they were not identified by qualitative phytochemical screening.
Eugenia jambolana shows noticeable
antioxidant activity in ethanolic solvent system as compared to water solvent
system while ethanolic seeds and leaves keeps high antioxidant activity because
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World J Agri Sci 5: 572-576. Corresponding author: Nureen
Zahra, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore,
Pakistan, Tel: +92 (0)42 111-865-865, E-mail: nureenzahra@ymail.com
Citation: Zahra
N, Nadir M, Malik A, Shaukat A, Parveen A, et al. In Vitro phytochemical
screening and antioxidant activity of jamun (Eugenia jambolana Linn) plants parts collected from Lahore,
Pakistan (2019) Biochem Modern Appli 2: 20-23 Received: Oct
10, 2018
In Vitro Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Jamun (Eugenia jambolana Linn) Plants Parts Collected from Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract
Full-Text
Introduction
Research
Aim
Materials
and Methods
Collection
of Plant Material
DPPH
scavenging antioxidant assay
Result
Qualitative
phytochemical analysis
Quantitative
phytochemical analysis
Conclusion
References
