Commentary :
Ceramic
inlays, composite inlay-onlays and porcelain or zircon laminate veneers
relay to a great extent on the acceptable clinical performance of adhesive
luting as it considered the weakest point of the indirect restoration [1,2].
Although most authors augment the opinion that bonding to enamel is more predictable
and has better bond strength than bonding to dentin substrate, but it cannot
completely depend on good enamel bond as a process of success of luting adhesive. An
additional dentin bond is important not only for improvement the over-all bond
strength but also to decrease postoperative hypersensitivities
[3-6]. Many recent researches and literatures revealed that success
or failure of direct resin
composite restoration in clinical inspections and laboratory observations
depends with a great extent on the quality of the adhesive system at the tooth
restoration interface. Because of enamel nature and composition, enamel bonding
has been predictable, while good bonding to dentin still remain questionable
and more of challenge. This is due to dentin nature,
wettability and its heterogeneous composition. All efforts of researchers and
manufacturers were directed to create types of adhesive systems that provide
reliable bond strength to both enamel and dentin substrates However,
Achievement of successful bonding between luting adhesive and dentin beneath
indirect restoration is more challenge than do with direct restoration. One of
the more dentist
confused problem when facing the need for temporary luting for temporization
that need for complete removal in the last visit prior to application of final
adhesive resin cement.
Insufficient removal of temporary
cement may lead to dramatic reduction in final adhesive resin. Another
problem that may face the clinician is how the light produced of light curing
system can fully penetrate through indirect restoration [7]. Therefore, the
approach of choice is dentin sealing prior to temporization. This technique is
referred to as dual bonding [8], immediate dentin sealing [9,10]
or resin coating technique. That is to decide that during the first visit,
dentin hybridization could take place [11-13]. Results of some practical findings and clinical trials
agreed with the approach that adopt the early hybridization at adhesive dentin
interface and revealed its benefits related to increasing bond strength and
minimizing the marginal gap formation in case of indirect restoration. Other
studies given more sophisticated details about how to get maximal better
results during the luting adhesive step that can be achieved by using a flowable
liner together with a two-step self-etch adhesive has a better marginal
integrity and well bond strength when using the adhesive alone to achieve early
hybridization [14-16]. Clinical outcomes revealed that durable enamel bonding is
still the effective factor in terms of well retention of indirect restoration.
Further in vitro and in vivo studies and investigation should be done to
evaluate the ability to carry out the etch-and-rinse technique after removal of
the cured adhesive and flowable resin composite from the enamel margins prior
to impression taking [14-18]. The latest trend in dental adhesives is universal bonding.
Some examples are Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE), Prime & Bond Elect
(Dentsply Sirona), ClearfilTM Universal Bond (Kuraray), and All-Bond Universal
(Bisco). The main advantage of that category is that Universal adhesives can
use in all modes either etch&rinse mode, selective enamel etching mode
and self-etch mode [19,20]. Another advantage may be that is not confined to
bond to tooth structure
substrates (Enamel & Dentin) but also can make chemical bonding to other
substrates such as zirconia
or ceramics [19,22,23]. 1. Kramer N, Frankenberger R (2015) Clinical performance of
bonded leucitereinforced glass ceramic inlays and onlays after eight years.
Dent Mater 21: 262–271. 2. Frankenberger R, Petschelt A, Kramer N (2010)
Leucite-reinforced glass ceramic inlays
and onlays after six years: clinical behavior. Oper Dent 25: 459–465. 3. Kramer N, Ebert J, Petschelt A, Frankenberger R (2016)
Ceramic inlays bonded with two adhesives after 4 years. Dent Mater 22: 13–21. 4. Hayashi M, Yeung CA (2004) Ceramic inlays for restoring
posterior teeth. Aust Dent J 49: 60. 5. Sjogren G, Molin M, van Dijken JW (2014) A 10-year
prospective evaluation of CAD/CAM-manufactured (Cerec) ceramic inlays cemented
with a chemically cured or dual-cured resin composite. Int J Prosthodont 17: 241–246. 6. Posselt A, Kerschbaum T (2013) Longevity of 2328
chairside Cerec inlays and onlays. Int J Comput Dent 6: 231–248. 7. Frankenberger R,
Lohbauer U, Taschner M, Petschelt A, Nikolaenko SA (2016) Adhesive luting
revisited: Influence of adhesive, temporary cement, cavity cleaning, and curing
mode on internal dentin bond strength. J Adhes Dent 9: 269-273. 8. Paul SJ, Scharer P (1997) The dual bonding technique: a
modified method to improve adhesive luting procedures. Int J Periodontics
Restorative Dent 17: 536–545. 9. Stavridakis MM, Krejci I, Magne P (2015) Immediate dentin
sealing of onlay preparations: thickness of pre-cured Dentin Bonding Agent and
effect of surface cleaning. Oper Dent 30: 747–757. 10. Magne P, Kim TH,
Cascione D, Donovan TE (2015) Immediate dentin sealing improves bond strength
of indirect restorations. J Prosthet Dent 94: 511–519. 11. Nikaido T, Cho E, Nakajima M, Tashiro H, Toba S (2003)
Tensile bond strengths of resin cements to bovine dentin using resin coating.
Am J Dent 16: 41–46. 12. Jayasooriya PR,
Pereira PN, Nikaido T, Tagami J (2013) Efficacy of a resin coating on bond
strengths of resin cement to dentin. J Esthet Restor Dent 15: 105–113. 13. Kitasako Y, Burrow MF, Nikaido T, Tagami J (2012) Effect
of resin-coating technique on dentin tensile bond strengths over 3 years. J
Esthet Restor Dent 14: 115–122. 14. Mehl A, Kunzelmann KH, Folwaczny M, Hickel R (2014)
Stabilization effects of CAD/CAM ceramic restorations in extended MOD cavities.
J Adhes Dent 6: 239–245. 15. Reiss B (2016) Clinical results of Cerec inlays in a
dental practice over a period of 18 years. Int J Comput Dent 9: 11–22. 16. Frankenberger R, Lohbauer U, Schaible BR, Nikolaenko SA,
Naumann M (2016) Luting of ceramic inlays invitro:marginal quality of self-etch
and etchand-rinse adhesives vs. self-etch cements. Dent Mater 24: 185-191. 17. Manhart J, Chen H, Hamm G, Hickel R (2014) Buonocore
Memorial Lecture. Review of the clinical survival of direct and indirect
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Landuyt K (2011) Current aspects on bonding effectiveness and stability in
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Adhesive Luting in Ceramic Inlays and Porcelain Laminate Veneers
Ahmed Mohamed Elmarakby
Full-Text
Introduction
References
Keywords
