Neuroimmunomodulation
The modulating role of the nervous system in relation to immune functions. The modulation reflects part of the bidirectional communication between the nervous system and the immune system. Neuroimmunomodulation is possible due to existence of receptors for neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, acetylcholine) on immune cells and due to innervation of lymph nodes by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) fibers. These innervating fibers influence the trafficking and proliferation of immune cells, all evidence for neuroimmunomodulation. Another more recently discovered form of neuroimmunomodulation includes the one by the vagus nerve, where its descending (efferent) branches inhibit cytokine synthesis in peripheral monocytes, via the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The neuroimmunomodulating role of the vagus may have clinical implications
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