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Cardiopulmonary bypass abbreviated as CPB in medical terms which is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the patients body. The CPB pump itself is often referred to as a heart-lung machine or "the pump". Cardiopulmonary bypass pumps are operated by perfusionists. CPB is a form of extracorporeal circulation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is generally used for longer-term treatment.
Surgical procedures in which cardiopulmonary bypass is used are as follows:
· Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy
· Repair of some large aneurysms (aortic aneurysms, cerebral aneurysms)
· Coronary artery bypass surgery
· Repair of large septal defects (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect)
· Transplantation (heart transplantation, lung transplantation, heart–lung transplantation) and many more.
Cardiopulmonary bypass is commonly used in coronary bypass heart surgery because of the difficulty of operating on the beating heart. CPB can be used for the induction of total body hypothermia, a state in which the body can be maintained for up to 45 minutes without perfusion (blood flow).
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