A buffer solution is an
aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its
conjugate base, or vice versa. Buffers are solutions that resist change in pH
on dilution or on the addition of small amounts of acids or alkali. Buffers are broadly divided into
two types acidic and alkaline buffer solutions.
Acidic buffers are
solutions that have a pH below 7 and contain a weak acid and one of its salts.
For example, a mixture of acetic acid and sodium
acetate acts as a buffer solution with a pH of about 4.75.Alkaline buffers,
on the other hand, have a pH above 7 and contain a weak base and one of
its salts. For example, a mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide
acts as a buffer solution with a pH of about 9.25.
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