In
organic chemistry,
functional groups are a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic
reactions of a particular compound. The same functional group will
undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the
molecule it is a part of. Functional
groups are usually classified as hydrophobic or hydrophilic depending on their
charge or polarity. An example of a hydrophobic group is
the non-polar methane
molecule. Among the hydrophilic
functional groups is the carboxyl group found in amino acids, some amino
acid side chains, and the fatty acid heads that form triglycerides and
phospholipids.
A
functional group can participate in specific chemical reactions.
Some of the important functional groups in biological molecules include:
hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl groups.
These groups play an important role in the formation of molecules like DNA,
proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
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