Crystallization is
defined as a process by which a chemical is converted from a liquid solution
into a solid crystalline
state. It
is the process of solidification
of atoms or molecules into a highly structured form called a crystal. Crystallization
can also refer to the solid-liquid separation and purification technique
in which mass transfer occurs from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase.
Crystallization
occurs in two major steps. The first is nucleation, the appearance
of a crystalline phase from either a supercooled liquid or a supersaturated
solvent. The second step is known as crystal growth,
which is the increase in the size of particles and leads to a crystal state. An
important feature of this step is that loose particles form layers at the
crystals surface lodge themselves into open inconsistencies such as pores,
cracks, etc
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